AU-DKC Respiration chambers diurnal VFA pattern diurnal NH3 pattern rumen microbial community VFA net absorption rumen kinetics rumen microbial protein synthesis multiple blood sampling urine collection net absorption net liver mammary metabolism net absorption liver metabolism urinary excretion daily pattern in methane production retention time of nutrients and fluids Cows Heifers Calves feeding milking flex barn

experimental herds infrared analyses livestock production spectroscopy analysis

barn climatic chamber holstein dairy Respiration Chamber

Livestock Animal science Animal nutrition Animal physiology Dairy cattle Beef cattle Phenotyping Methane emissions Animal behaviour Animal welfare

beef cattle Concentrate feed straw feeding system Feed efficiency dairy cow performance and intake data

Dairy cattle Beef cattle Animal behaviour Animal nutrition Animal physiology Animal science Animal welfare Phenotyping Methane emissions Livestock

dairy cow animal nutrition feeding studies environmental impacts cow welfare sensors greenhouse gases methane precision livestock farming milk composition phenotypes animal breeding

cattle research dairy production livestock production grassland

Animal Nutrition Environmental Impacts Greenhouse Gases Methane emission Milk composition Animal behaviour Multispecies swards Feed efficiency

Dairy cattle Animal nutrition Greenhouse gases Methane Proteins and amino acids Energy metabolism

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