The aims of the experiments conducted at the INRAE-Herbipôle research farms deal with ruminant farming systems in grassland mountain areas, in connection with products qualities (meat, milk and cheeses) and environmental impacts (e.g. biodiversity, carbon fluxes). “Herbipôle” (Marcenat-Laqueuille) is located in grassland mountains from 1000 to 1400 m a.s.l. For Marcenat-Laqueuille installation, the total area is near 1000 ha of various types of permanent grassland (90 %) and sown pastures (10 %). The installation hosts dairy (160 Holstein and Montbéliarde) and beef (160 Charolais, Salers, Salers x Angus) cows and conducts long-term studies on adaptive capacities of dairy and beef cows in low-inputs grass-based systems. The cows are wintered in barns from early November to late April and in the summer season they graze the local pastures. Dairy cows are milked in a 2x14 herringbone milking parlour in Marcenat. Milk production of 80 suckler cows is measured automatically in Laqueuille. The RI belongs to the National Infrastructure Livestock Phenotyping for Sustainable Agricultural Systems (LiPh@SAS) (https://www6.inrae.fr/liph4sas_eng/).
All INRAE infrastructures are engaged in quality process and is approved for minimizing environmental impact (ISO 14001). An internal welfare committee works to help people take care of experimental animals. All infrastructures are equipped to measure animal performance (weight, milk production and composition, body condition score) and individual intake. At “Herbipôle”, dairy cows and beef cows can be used in nutritional and physiological experiments. Part of the animals are used in systems experiment designed to study strategies to meet the objectives of producing meat and milk with grass while minimizing inputs. An experimental and training platform (https://youtu.be/eVC4FPi2iGk) is available for quantifying in vivo enteric methane emissions in ruminants. It comprises: 4 chambers for adult cows, SF6 tracer and breath analysis technique , and 4 automatic head chambers for cows and 1 for calves (GreenFeed®) that include CH4, CO2, H2 and O2 fluxes measurements. To phenotype and monitor cattle behavior in relation to animal welfare and health through PLF devices individual feed intake and feeding behavior can be monitored, The barn of 170 dairy cows is equipped with a Real Time Locating System of animals (CowView, GEA®), cameras, sensor-based devices recording activity (Medria collars). Smart sensors introduced in bolus are also available to monitor rumen pH and temperature (San’Phone, Medria).